Breast lumps and changes are common, and many are not caused by cancer. Breasts naturally change throughout life because of hormones, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, breastfeeding, ageing, and menopause. Some women may notice temporary tenderness, swelling, or changes in breast texture at different times of the month.

A breast lump may have several possible causes, including normal hormonal changes, cysts, fibroadenomas, infections, or other conditions. However, it is important not to assume what a lump means based only on how it feels.

Pay attention to new or persistent lumps, swelling, changes in breast size or shape, skin dimpling, redness, nipple inversion, unusual nipple discharge, or persistent pain. A lump that feels different from the surrounding breast tissue or does not go away should be assessed by a healthcare professional.

Breast pain alone is often not a sign of cancer, but persistent or unexplained pain should still be discussed with a healthcare provider. Similarly, nipple discharge can have different causes, so unusual discharge—especially if it is bloody or occurs without squeezing—should be evaluated.

If you notice a new breast change, try not to panic. Most changes are benign, but only appropriate medical assessment can determine the cause.

Knowing your breasts and reporting unusual changes early can help you receive the right advice, testing, and care when needed.